A Cultural and Spiritual Heritage in the Heart of Northern Vietnam

Co Le Pagoda, also known as Thần Quang Tự, is an iconic landmark located in Co Le Town, Truc Ninh District, Nam Dinh Province, over 100 km from Hanoi. This pagoda is not only a prominent Buddhist architectural work but also a national historical and cultural relic, attracting numerous visitors and devotees each year. It stands as a testament to the rich history, intricate architecture, and vibrant cultural practices of the region.

History of Establishment and Development

Early Beginnings

Co Le Pagoda was established during the reign of Ly Thanh Tong in the 12th century by the monk Nguyen Minh Khong, a prominent figure known for his contributions to Buddhism and agriculture in Vietnam. Initially built of wood in accordance with traditional designs, the pagoda served as both a religious center and a community gathering place. It was dedicated to the worship of Buddha and the Holy Ancestor Nguyen Minh Khong, who is revered for his teachings and spiritual guidance.

Historical Challenges

Throughout its long history, Co Le Pagoda has faced numerous challenges, including natural disasters and the ravages of time. Over the centuries, the original wooden structures deteriorated, necessitating repairs and reconstructions. In 1902, the abbot Pham Quang Tuyen took on the responsibility of restoring the pagoda. He designed and rebuilt it using new architectural styles while maintaining the essence of traditional Vietnamese aesthetics. This restoration marked a significant turning point in the pagoda’s history, allowing it to regain its prominence as a spiritual and cultural hub.

Modern Developments

In the latter half of the 20th century, Co Le Pagoda underwent further renovations to accommodate the increasing number of pilgrims and tourists. Today, it stands as a well-preserved example of Vietnamese Buddhist architecture, attracting visitors not only for its spiritual significance but also for its artistic and historical value. The pagoda has been recognized as a national cultural heritage site, reflecting its importance in the collective memory of the Vietnamese people.

Unique and Harmonious Architecture

Co Le Pagoda is a unique architectural complex that showcases the harmonious blend of Eastern and Western influences. The overall layout is designed in the shape of the character “Đinh,” symbolizing stability and strength. The pagoda complex consists of several distinctive architectural features:

Nine-Storey Lotus Tower (Tháp Cửu Phẩm Liên Hoa)

The Nine-Storey Lotus Tower is one of the most striking features of Co Le Pagoda. Standing at 32 meters tall, this tower is constructed of nine layers of lotus petals, symbolizing the nine heavens in Buddhism. The tower’s base is supported by a large stone turtle, which represents longevity and wisdom. Inside the tower, a spiral staircase with 98 steps leads to the top, offering visitors a panoramic view of the surrounding landscape. The intricate carvings and decorative elements on the tower reflect the craftsmanship of artisans from previous generations, showcasing their dedication to preserving cultural heritage.

Arched Bridge (Cầu Cuốn)

The Arched Bridge is a beautifully designed structure that spans the Chu Tich Lake, connecting the main pagoda to the Trình Pagoda. This three-arched bridge not only serves a functional purpose but also adds to the aesthetic appeal of the pagoda complex. The bridge is often a popular spot for visitors to take photos, surrounded by the serene waters of the lake and the lush greenery of the area.

Trình Pagoda

Trình Pagoda is another significant part of the Co Le Pagoda complex, dedicated to the worship of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, known for her compassion and mercy. The architecture of Trình Pagoda complements the main pagoda with its elegant design and intricate decorations. It serves as a place for devotees to seek blessings and offer prayers, reinforcing the spiritual atmosphere of the site.

Main Hall and Front Hall

The Main Hall and Front Hall of Co Le Pagoda are essential components of the complex. The Main Hall, standing 29 meters tall, is dedicated to Buddha and the Holy Ancestor Nguyen Minh Khong. The hall is adorned with beautiful wooden sculptures and paintings that depict various Buddhist teachings and stories. The Front Hall serves as the entrance to the pagoda, welcoming visitors with its grand design and intricate details.

Kim Chung Bảo Các (Gác Chuông)

The Kim Chung Bảo Các, or Bell Tower, is a three-story structure that houses a large bronze bell, which was cast in 2003, along with a smaller bell from the Le Dynasty. The bell tower not only adds to the architectural diversity of the pagoda but also serves an important role in the spiritual practices of the community. The sound of the bell resonates throughout the area, marking significant events and rituals.

Treasured Bell – Đại Hồng Chung

One of the most special features of Co Le Pagoda is the Đại Hồng Chung bell, which is located in the middle of the lake in front of the main hall. The bell stands 4.2 meters tall, has a diameter of 2.2 meters, and weighs 9 tons. It was cast in 1936 and is considered one of the largest bells in Vietnam.

Historical Significance

The Đại Hồng Chung bell is not only a remarkable piece of craftsmanship but also holds deep historical significance for the local community. It is said that when the bell was first cast, the country was on the brink of conflict, and to protect it from potential destruction, the villagers submerged it in the lake. The bell remained underwater until 1954, when it was recovered and placed on a stone pedestal for public viewing. Its powerful sound symbolizes the spiritual strength and resilience of the Vietnamese people.

Cultural Role

The bell plays an important role in the rituals and ceremonies held at Co Le Pagoda. It is rung during significant religious events, such as the New Year celebration and the annual festival honoring the Holy Ancestor Nguyen Minh Khong. The sound of the bell is believed to carry prayers to the heavens, making it an integral part of the spiritual experience for devotees.

Traditional Festival

Every year, from the 13th to the 16th of the ninth lunar month, Co Le Pagoda hosts a grand festival to honor the Holy Ancestor Nguyen Minh Khong. This event attracts thousands of pilgrims and tourists, creating a vibrant atmosphere filled with cultural and spiritual activities.

Festival Activities

The festival features a variety of activities that showcase the rich cultural heritage of the region. Highlights include:

• Buddha Processions: Devotees carry statues of Buddha in a grand procession, accompanied by traditional music and chanting. This event symbolizes the respect and reverence the community has for their spiritual leaders.
• Human Chess Competitions: A popular cultural activity during the festival, human chess involves participants dressed as chess pieces, creating a lively and entertaining atmosphere.
• Boat Racing: One of the most exciting events of the festival is the boat racing competition held on the Chu Tich Lake. Teams from various villages compete against each other, showcasing their skills and teamwork.

Cultural Significance

The festival not only serves as a religious observance but also reinforces the sense of community among participants. It is a time for families to come together, share meals, and celebrate their cultural heritage. The festival has become a vital part of the local identity, preserving traditions and fostering a sense of belonging among residents.

Cultural Value and Spiritual Tourism

Co Le Pagoda is not just a religious site; it is also a valuable cultural heritage that contributes to the spiritual tourism landscape of Vietnam. The pagoda attracts visitors seeking both spiritual fulfillment and cultural enrichment.

Spiritual Significance

For many, Co Le Pagoda is a place of solace and reflection. Visitors come to meditate, pray, and seek guidance from the Holy Ancestor Nguyen Minh Khong. The serene environment, coupled with the teachings of Buddhism, provides a unique opportunity for individuals to connect with their spirituality.

Educational Opportunities

Visitors to Co Le Pagoda can also engage in educational experiences that enhance their understanding of Vietnamese culture and Buddhism. Tours and guided visits often include discussions about the history of the pagoda, its architectural features, and the significance of various rituals and practices. This educational aspect enriches the overall experience, allowing visitors to appreciate the depth of the cultural heritage.

Economic Impact

The influx of tourists and pilgrims to Co Le Pagoda has a positive impact on the local economy. Small businesses, such as food stalls and souvenir shops, thrive in the area, providing visitors with local delicacies and crafts. This economic activity supports the livelihoods of many residents and fosters a sense of community.

Travel Information

Address

Co Le Town, Truc Ninh District, Nam Dinh Province.

Getting There

• From Hanoi: Visitors can take a bus from Giap Bat or My Dinh bus station to Nam Dinh. From there, taxis or motorbike taxis are available to take you to Co Le Pagoda. Alternatively, traveling by private car via National Route 10 offers a scenic journey through the countryside.
• From Nam Dinh City: The pagoda is approximately 30-40 minutes away by taxi or motorbike taxi.

Nearby Dining Options

The area surrounding Co Le Pagoda offers a variety of dining options where visitors can savor local delicacies:

• Co Le Pancakes (Bánh xèo Cổ Lễ): These famous pancakes are known for their crispy texture and flavorful fillings, typically made with shrimp and pork.
• Nam Dinh Beef Pho (Phở bò Nam Định): Renowned for its rich flavor and clear broth, this dish is a must-try for visitors exploring the culinary heritage of the region.
• Broken Rice (Cơm tấm): A beloved dish, broken rice is served with grilled pork, shredded pork skin, and pickled vegetables, offering a delightful combination of flavors and textures.

Accommodation

Visitors to Co Le Pagoda have a range of accommodation options available, from hotels to guesthouses:

• Hotels in Nam Dinh City: Options such as the Nam Dinh Hotel, Hoang Gia Hotel, and Hoa Binh Hotel offer comfortable stays with various amenities.
• Guesthouses in Truc Ninh: For a more intimate experience, guesthouses like Ngoc Lan and Minh Phat provide cozy accommodations.
• Homestays: For those looking to immerse themselves in local culture, homestays in Co Le Town and Nam Dinh City offer unique experiences with local families.

Tips for Visiting

To ensure a respectful and enjoyable visit to Co Le Pagoda, consider the following tips:

• Dress Modestly: Visitors are encouraged to wear respectful and modest clothing when entering the pagoda to honor the sacred space.
• Maintain Cleanliness: Keep the area clean by disposing of waste properly and being mindful of the environment.
• Respect the Rituals: Observe the rituals and practices of devotees. Speaking softly and maintaining a respectful demeanor enhances the spiritual atmosphere.
• Learn About the Culture: Take the time to learn about the history and significance of the pagoda, enhancing the overall experience.

Conclusion

Co Le Pagoda is a remarkable destination that encapsulates the rich history, vibrant culture, and spiritual depth of Vietnam. With its unique architecture, historical significance, and cultural festivities, the pagoda offers visitors an unforgettable experience. Whether seeking spiritual fulfillment, cultural enrichment, or simply a peaceful retreat, Co Le Pagoda invites all to explore its beauty and significance. As a vital part of Vietnam’s heritage, it continues to inspire and connect people to their roots while fostering a sense of community and belonging.